The Role of Diabetes Mellitus in the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review

I Ketut Ngurah Sajjana Kirthana Pamecut¹, Hayuris Kinandita Setiawan^2*, Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro³, Eka Arum Cahyaning Putri²

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent and severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), significantly impacting morbidity and mortality globally. In individuals with diabetes, CKD arises from a confluence of mechanisms, including persistent hyperglycemia, glomerular hyperfiltration, oxidative stress, and the activation of profibrotic pathways, culminating in progressive kidney injury. Several factors, such as poor glycemic control, hypertension, obesity, and genetic predisposition, further accelerate the decline in kidney function.  In the early stages of CKD, there are usually no symptoms. Albuminuria or small drops in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are usually the first signs that the kidneys are affected. Treatment combines renoprotective medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists with patient education and regular checkups to slow the disease’s progress. A proactive, multifaceted approach is essential to reduce the burden of CKD in individuals with diabetes and to improve long-term kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.  Doctors and researchers need to know how diabetic CKD starts, what causes it, how it shows up in patients, and how to treat it so that they can come up with better ways to help patients.

Keywords

chronic kidney disease; diabetes mellitus; manifestation; risk factor, prevention

Cite This Article

Pamecut, I. K. N. S. K., Setiawan, H. K., Suryantoro, S. D., Putri, E. A. C. (2025). The Role of Diabetes Mellitus in the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 6| Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2025, Pages 1089-1094 URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Volume6-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.978-1089-1094.pdf

Volume 6 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2025