Mesenchymal Stem Cell Potential in Preventing Osteolysis After Total Hip Replacement in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Maheswari Kirana1, Tarissa Diandra Putri Wibowo1, Prihartini Widiyanti2, Jifaldi Afrian Maharaja Dinda Sedar3*
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis is an important cause of bone loss and implant loosening after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated as biologic approaches to preserving the bone–implant interface. This narrative review examines the potential mechanisms and experimental evidence supporting MSC-based strategies for preventing osteolysis after THA in patients with osteoarthritis. The source literature search covered publications from 2015 to 2025 using terms related to MSCs, osteolysis, total hip replacement, and osteoarthritis. The reviewed evidence describes immunomodulatory and osteogenic actions, including macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, suppression of inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis, and promotion of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. In vitro and murine studies of urine-derived stem cell EVs and umbilical cord MSC-derived EVs, including polymer-based delivery platforms, suggest protective effects against polyethylene particle-induced bone resorption. However, heterogeneity in cell preparation, dose, and delivery, together with limited clinical evidence and unresolved long-term safety questions, restricts translation. MSC-based therapies are promising experimental adjuncts for periprosthetic bone preservation, but well-designed human studies are required before routine clinical use.
Keywords
mesenchymal stem cells; periprosthetic osteolysis; total hip arthroplasty; osteoarthritis; extracellular vesicles
Cite This Article
Kirana, M., Wibowo, T. D. P., Widiyanti, P., Sedar, J. A. M. D. (2026). Mesenchymal Stem Cell Potential in Preventing Osteolysis After Total Hip Replacement in Patients with Osteoarthritis. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 7| Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2026, Pages 963-969. URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/11/Volume7-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.1118-963-969.pdf
Volume 7 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2026
