Clinicopathological Characteristics Associated with Survival in Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer at Ngoerah Hospital
I Dewa Gede Agung Purwakatamayasa1*, I Gede Budhi Setiawan2, Ida Bagus Made Suryawisesa2
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare but complex condition with generally poorer prognosis compared to non-PABC. Delayed diagnosis and aggressive tumor characteristics contribute to unfavorable outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival in patients with PABC at Ngoerah Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using secondary data from medical records and the Bali Cancer Registry. Patients diagnosed with PABC between January 2018 and December 2023 were included. Variables analyzed included age at diagnosis, tumor size, nodal status, metastasis, stage, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: A total of 58 patients were included. Most patients were aged <40 years (63.8%) and presented with advanced disease (Stage III–IV: 72.4%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 56.9%. The higher stage was significantly associated with poorer survival (p<0.01). Other variables, including age, tumor size, nodal status, and metastasis, showed trends toward worse outcomes but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Advanced stage is a significant prognostic factor for survival in PABC patients. Early detection remains crucial to improving outcomes.
Keywords
pregnancy-associated breast cancer; survival; clinicopathological characteristics; prognosis
Cite This Article
Purwakatamayasa, I. D. G. A., Setiawan, I. G. B., Suryawisesa, I. B. M. (2026). Clinicopathological Characteristics Associated with Survival in Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer at Ngoerah Hospital. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 7| Issue 2: Mar – Apr 2026, Pages 301-307 URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Volume7-Issue2-Mar-Apr-No.1046-301-307.pdf
Volume 7 | Issue 2: Mar – Apr 2026
