Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors in the Utilization of Preschool Children’s Dental Health Services in Surabaya
Retno Palupi1*, Titiek Berniyanti2, Tsaniya Kamilah3, Nadhif Putri Sucipto4
Abstract
Dental and oral problems remain highly prevalent among preschool children, yet the utilization of dental health services in this age group is still low. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors and the utilization of dental health services for preschool children in Gubeng District, Surabaya. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 100 mothers of preschool children attending kindergartens, playgroups, daycare centres, and early childhood education units in Gubeng District, Surabaya, selected by simple random sampling with the sample size calculated using the Lemeshow formula. Data was collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), enabling factors (availability, accessibility, and financing), reinforcing factors (social support), and the utilization of dental health services. Normality testing was followed by Spearman correlation analysis. Most respondents were categorised as having low knowledge, low attitude, low facility availability, low social support, and low utilization of dental health services, whereas accessibility was mostly categorised as high. Attitude (r = 0.402; p = 0.000) and financing (r = 0.409; p = 0.000) showed moderate positive correlations with utilization, while knowledge (r = 0.221; p = 0.027) and accessibility (r = 0.225; p = 0.024) showed weak positive correlations. Facility availability (p = 0.513) and social support (p = 0.574) were not significantly related. Predisposing and enabling factors are related to the utilization of dental health services for preschool children, whereas reinforcing factors are not.
Keywords
dental health service; enabling factors; predisposing factors; preschool children; reinforcing factors
Cite This Article
Palupi, R., Berniyanti, T., Kamilah, T., Sucipto, N. P. (2026). Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors in the Utilization of Preschool Children’s Dental Health Services in Surabaya. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 7| Issue 5: Sep – Oct 2026, Pages 661-668 URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Volume7-Issue5-Sep-Oct-No.1087-661-668.pdf
Volume 7 | Issue 5: Sep – Oct 2026
