Risk Factors for Insomnia in Patients Post Acquired Brain Injury: A Literature Review
Zaidaan Alfayyadh Pohan1, Fidiana2*
Abstract
This Insomnia represents one of the most prevalent and enervating sleep disorders experienced by patients following acquired brain injury (ABI), affecting 30% to 84% of individuals in the post-traumatic brain injury population and 20% to 50% of post-stroke patients, depending on injury severity and assessment timing. Beyond disrupting sleep patterns, insomnia in this population leads to diminished quality of life, marked cognitive impairment, delayed neurological recovery, and enduring psychological distress. This comprehensive literature review examines the multifactorial risk factors influencing insomnia in patients post-ABI by analyzing 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025. Findings were integrated from both national and international research databases to identify and synthesize evidence across four primary domains: (1) neurobiological factors such as circadian rhythm disruption and neurotransmitter dysregulation; (2) psychological factors including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder; (3) environmental conditions such as hospital noise and lighting; and (4) medical complications including chronic pain and obstructive sleep apnoea. Evidence indicates that insomnia in post-ABI patients arises from intricate interactions between internal factors (neurobiological, psychological, and medical) and external environmental influences. This multifaceted understanding emphasizes the imperative for comprehensive, interdisciplinary intervention strategies. The findings provide both academic insights and practical guidance for healthcare practitioners, rehabilitation professionals, and researchers in developing evidence-based approaches to enhance sleep quality and optimize recovery outcomes in the post-ABI population.
Keywords
insomnia; acquired brain injury; traumatic brain injury; stroke; sleep disorders; rehabilitation; cognitive impairment; neurobiological factors; psychological factors
Cite This Article
Pohan, Z. A., Fidiana., (2025). Risk Factors for Insomnia in Patients Post Acquired Brain Injury: A Literature Review. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 6| Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2025, Pages 1171-1178 URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Volume6-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.992-1171-1178.pdf
Volume 6 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2025
