RISUG as A Male Contraceptive: Breakthrough or Threat? A Review

Kenley Nathanael¹ , Reny I’tishom²

Abstract

Background: Male contraceptive development has lagged behind female methods, creating a gap in available options. RISUG (Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance) has emerged as a potential non-hormonal alternative. Reviews: This review examines both the upside and downside of RISUG through its mechanism, safety profile, effectiveness, and reversibility. RISUG uses styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) polymer, which is then injected into the vas deferens, resulting in sperm disruption through pH and electrostatic interactions. Animal studies in rats, rabbits, and primates consistently demonstrate reliable contraceptive effects and successful reversal using DMSO or sodium bicarbonate. Phase I–III human trials show consistent reports of high rates of azoospermia with only mild, transient side effects such as temporary scrotal swelling. However, human evidence for reversibility remains incomplete, and isolated inconsistent outcomes occur. The review also discusses sociocultural and psychological barriers including masculinity norms, stigma, and limited awareness that may hinder uptake despite growing interest among men. Conclusion: RISUG has promising potential to be a long-term, effective, yet flexible male contraceptive. However, broader human trials and clearer reversibility data are necessary before widespread adoption.

Keywords

RISUG; reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance; male contraception; non-hormonal contraceptive methods; reproductive health technology; fertility regulation

Cite This Article

Nathanael, K., I’tishom, R. (2025). RISUG as A Male Contraceptive: Breakthrough or Threat? A Review. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 6| Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2025, Pages 1153-1156 URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Volume6-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.989-1153-1156.pdf

Volume 6 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2025