Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) among Smokers: A Literature Review Ichlasul Mahdi Fardhani1, Zahrah Febianti2*, and Wahyu Agung Purnomo3 Abstract Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) also referred to as Buerger’s disease is a segmental, non-atherosclerotic, and progressive inflammatory vascular disease. The most frequently impacted arteries are the small and medium arteries in the