The Complex Interplay of Pathophysiological, Metabolic, and Behavioral Risk Factors in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) : A Literature Review Yusuf Akmal Karim1, Linda Dewanti2 Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder characterized by heartburn, regurgitation, and potential complications such as esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, arising